Install OpenStack

In the previous section, we installed Juju and created a Juju controller and model. We are now going to use Juju to install OpenStack itself.

Despite the length of this page, only two distinct Juju commands will be employed: juju deploy and juju add-relation. You may want to review these pertinent sections of the Juju documentation before continuing:

This page will show how to install a minimal non-HA OpenStack cloud. See the Infrastructure high availability page in the Charm Guide for guidance on that subject.

Specification of software versions

The cloud deployment involves two levels of software:

  • charms (e.g. keystone charm)

  • charm payload (e.g. Keystone service)

A charm’s software version (its revision) is expressed via its channel (e.g. ‘zed/stable’). Its payload version is auto-configured based on the channel, but it can be overridden via the source configuration option (e.g. internal mirror or PPA is needed). See the Charm Guide for more information:

Note

For a successful deployment, both the charm channel and the charm payload must be compatible. Note also that the Ubuntu version is incorporated in the charm payload value.

OpenStack release

OpenStack Zed will be deployed atop Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy) cloud nodes. In order to achieve this, charm channels appropriate for the chosen OpenStack release will be used (see Charm delivery).

See Perform the upgrade in the Charm Guide for more details on cloud archive releases and how they are used when upgrading OpenStack.

Important

The chosen OpenStack release may impact the installation and configuration instructions. This guide assumes that OpenStack Zed is being deployed.

Installation progress

There are many moving parts involved in a charmed OpenStack install. During much of the process there will be components that have not yet been satisfied, which will cause error-like messages to be displayed in the output of the juju status command. Do not be alarmed. Indeed, these are opportunities to learn about the interdependencies of the various pieces of software. Messages such as Missing relation and blocked will vanish once the appropriate applications and relations have been added and processed.

Tip

One convenient way to monitor the installation progress is to have command watch -n 5 -c juju status --color running in a separate terminal.

Deploy OpenStack

Assuming you have precisely followed the instructions on the Install Juju page, you should now have a Juju controller called ‘maas-controller’ and an empty Juju model called ‘openstack’. Change to that context now:

juju switch maas-controller:openstack

In the following sections, the various OpenStack components will be added to the ‘openstack’ model. Each application will be installed from the online Charmhub and many will have configuration options specified via a YAML file.

Note

You do not need to wait for a Juju command to complete before issuing further ones. However, it can be very instructive to see the effect one command has on the current state of the cloud.

Ceph OSD

The ceph-osd application is deployed to four nodes with the ceph-osd charm. The name of the block devices backing the OSDs is dependent upon the hardware on the nodes. All possible devices across the nodes should be given as the value for the osd-devices option (space-separated). Here, we’ll be using the same devices on each node: /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc, and /dev/sdd. File ceph-osd.yaml contains the configuration:

ceph-osd:
  osd-devices: /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

To deploy the application we’ll make use of the ‘compute’ tag that we placed on each of these nodes on the Install MAAS page:

juju deploy -n 4 --channel quincy/stable --config ceph-osd.yaml --constraints tags=compute ceph-osd

If a message from a ceph-osd unit like “Non-pristine devices detected” appears in the output of juju status you will need to use actions zap-disk and add-disk that come with the ceph-osd charm. The zap-disk action is destructive in nature. Only use it if you want to purge the disk of all data and signatures for use by Ceph.

Note

Since ceph-osd was deployed on four nodes and there are only four nodes available in this environment, the usage of the ‘compute’ tag is not strictly necessary. A tag can help if there are a surplus of nodes however.

Nova Compute

The nova-compute application is deployed to three nodes with the nova-compute charm. File nova-compute.yaml contains the configuration:

nova-compute:
  config-flags: default_ephemeral_format=ext4
  enable-live-migration: true
  enable-resize: true
  migration-auth-type: ssh
  virt-type: qemu

The nodes must be targeted by machine ID since there are no more free Juju machines (MAAS nodes) available. This means we’re placing multiple services on our nodes. We’ve chosen machines 1, 2, and 3. To deploy:

juju deploy -n 3 --to 1,2,3 --channel zed/stable --config nova-compute.yaml nova-compute

Note

The ‘nova-compute’ charm is designed to support one image format type per application at any given time. Changing format (see charm option libvirt-image-backend) while existing instances are using the prior format will require manual image conversion for each instance. See bug LP #1826888.

MySQL InnoDB Cluster

MySQL InnoDB Cluster always requires at least three database units. They will be containerised on machines 0, 1, and 2. To deploy:

juju deploy -n 3 --to lxd:0,lxd:1,lxd:2 --channel 8.0/stable mysql-innodb-cluster

Vault

Vault is necessary for managing the TLS certificates that will enable encrypted communication between cloud applications. It will be containerised on machine 3. To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:3 --channel 1.8/stable vault

This is the first application to be joined with the cloud database that was set up in the previous section. The process is:

  1. create an application-specific instance of mysql-router (a subordinate)

  2. add a relation between the mysql-router instance and the database

  3. add a relation between the mysql-router instance and the application

The combination of steps 2 and 3 joins the application to the cloud database.

Here are the corresponding commands for Vault:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router vault-mysql-router
juju add-relation vault-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation vault-mysql-router:shared-db vault:shared-db

Vault must now be initialised and unsealed. The vault charm will also need to be authorised to carry out certain tasks. These steps are covered in the vault charm documentation. Perform them now.

Provide Vault with a CA certificate so it can issue certificates to cloud API services. This is covered on the Managing TLS certificates page. Do this now.

Once the above is completed the Unit section output to command juju status should look similar to this:

Unit                     Workload  Agent  Machine  Public address  Ports     Message
ceph-osd/0               blocked   idle   0        10.246.114.17             Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/1*              blocked   idle   1        10.246.114.7              Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/2               blocked   idle   2        10.246.114.11             Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/3               blocked   idle   3        10.246.114.31             Missing relation: monitor
mysql-innodb-cluster/3*  active    idle   0/lxd/1  10.246.114.12             Unit is ready: Mode: R/W, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to ONE failure.
mysql-innodb-cluster/4   active    idle   1/lxd/1  10.246.114.15             Unit is ready: Mode: R/O, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to ONE failure.
mysql-innodb-cluster/5   active    idle   2/lxd/1  10.246.114.14             Unit is ready: Mode: R/O, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to ONE failure.
nova-compute/0*          blocked   idle   1        10.246.114.7              Missing relations: messaging, image
nova-compute/1           blocked   idle   2        10.246.114.11             Missing relations: messaging, image
nova-compute/2           blocked   idle   3        10.246.114.31             Missing relations: image, messaging
vault/0*                 active    idle   3/lxd/0  10.246.114.28   8200/tcp  Unit is ready (active: true, mlock: disabled)
  vault-mysql-router/0*  active    idle            10.246.114.28             Unit is ready

Cloud applications are TLS-enabled via the vault:certificates relation. Below we start with the cloud database. Although the latter has a self-signed certificate, it is recommended to use the one signed by Vault’s CA:

juju add-relation mysql-innodb-cluster:certificates vault:certificates

Neutron networking

Neutron networking is implemented with four applications:

  • neutron-api

  • neutron-api-plugin-ovn (subordinate)

  • ovn-central

  • ovn-chassis (subordinate)

File neutron.yaml contains the configuration necessary (only two of them require configuration):

ovn-chassis:
  bridge-interface-mappings: br-ex:enp1s0
  ovn-bridge-mappings: physnet1:br-ex
neutron-api:
  neutron-security-groups: true
  flat-network-providers: physnet1

The bridge-interface-mappings setting impacts the OVN Chassis and refers to a mapping of OVS bridge to network interface. As described in the Create OVS bridge section on the Install MAAS page, for this example it is ‘br-ex:enp1s0’.

Note

To use hardware addresses (as opposed to an interface name common to all four nodes) the bridge-interface-mappings option can be expressed in this way (substitute in your own values):

bridge-interface-mappings: >-
  br-ex:52:54:00:03:01:01
  br-ex:52:54:00:03:01:02
  br-ex:52:54:00:03:01:03
  br-ex:52:54:00:03:01:04

The flat-network-providers setting enables the Neutron flat network provider used in this example scenario and gives it the name of ‘physnet1’. The flat network provider and its name will be referenced when we Set up public networking on the next page.

The ovn-bridge-mappings setting maps the data-port interface to the flat network provider.

The main OVN application is ovn-central and it requires at least three units. They will be containerised on machines 0, 1, and 2. To deploy:

juju deploy -n 3 --to lxd:0,lxd:1,lxd:2 --channel 22.09/stable ovn-central

The neutron-api application will be containerised on machine 1:

juju deploy --to lxd:1 --channel zed/stable --config neutron.yaml neutron-api

Deploy the subordinate charm applications:

juju deploy --channel zed/stable neutron-api-plugin-ovn
juju deploy --channel 22.09/stable --config neutron.yaml ovn-chassis

Add the necessary relations:

juju add-relation neutron-api-plugin-ovn:neutron-plugin neutron-api:neutron-plugin-api-subordinate
juju add-relation neutron-api-plugin-ovn:ovsdb-cms ovn-central:ovsdb-cms
juju add-relation ovn-chassis:ovsdb ovn-central:ovsdb
juju add-relation ovn-chassis:nova-compute nova-compute:neutron-plugin
juju add-relation neutron-api:certificates vault:certificates
juju add-relation neutron-api-plugin-ovn:certificates vault:certificates
juju add-relation ovn-central:certificates vault:certificates
juju add-relation ovn-chassis:certificates vault:certificates

Join neutron-api to the cloud database:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router neutron-api-mysql-router
juju add-relation neutron-api-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation neutron-api-mysql-router:shared-db neutron-api:shared-db

Keystone

The keystone application will be containerised on machine 0 with the keystone charm. To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:0 --channel zed/stable keystone

Join keystone to the cloud database:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router keystone-mysql-router
juju add-relation keystone-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation keystone-mysql-router:shared-db keystone:shared-db

Two additional relations can be added at this time:

juju add-relation keystone:identity-service neutron-api:identity-service
juju add-relation keystone:certificates vault:certificates

RabbitMQ

The rabbitmq-server application will be containerised on machine 2 with the rabbitmq-server charm. To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:2 --channel 3.9/stable rabbitmq-server

Two relations can be added at this time:

juju add-relation rabbitmq-server:amqp neutron-api:amqp
juju add-relation rabbitmq-server:amqp nova-compute:amqp

At this time the Unit section output to command juju status should look similar to this:

Unit                           Workload  Agent  Machine  Public address  Ports               Message
ceph-osd/0                     blocked   idle   0        10.246.114.17                       Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/1*                    blocked   idle   1        10.246.114.7                        Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/2                     blocked   idle   2        10.246.114.11                       Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/3                     blocked   idle   3        10.246.114.31                       Missing relation: monitor
keystone/0*                    active    idle   0/lxd/3  10.246.114.25   5000/tcp            Unit is ready
  keystone-mysql-router/0*     active    idle            10.246.114.25                       Unit is ready
mysql-innodb-cluster/3*        active    idle   0/lxd/1  10.246.114.12                       Unit is ready: Mode: R/O, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to
ONE failure.
mysql-innodb-cluster/4         active    idle   1/lxd/1  10.246.114.15                       Unit is ready: Mode: R/W, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to
ONE failure.
mysql-innodb-cluster/5         active    idle   2/lxd/1  10.246.114.14                       Unit is ready: Mode: R/O, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to
ONE failure.
neutron-api/0*                 active    idle   1/lxd/3  10.246.114.24   9696/tcp            Unit is ready
  neutron-api-mysql-router/0*  active    idle            10.246.114.24                       Unit is ready
  neutron-api-plugin-ovn/0*    active    idle            10.246.114.24                       Unit is ready
nova-compute/0*                blocked   idle   1        10.246.114.7                        Missing relations: image
  ovn-chassis/0*               active    idle            10.246.114.7                        Unit is ready
nova-compute/1                 blocked   idle   2        10.246.114.11                       Missing relations: image
  ovn-chassis/1                active    idle            10.246.114.11                       Unit is ready
nova-compute/2                 blocked   idle   3        10.246.114.31                       Missing relations: image
  ovn-chassis/2                active    idle            10.246.114.31                       Unit is ready
ovn-central/0*                 active    idle   0/lxd/2  10.246.114.29   6641/tcp,6642/tcp   Unit is ready (leader: ovnnb_db, ovnsb_db)
ovn-central/1                  active    idle   1/lxd/2  10.246.114.52   6641/tcp,6642/tcp   Unit is ready
ovn-central/2                  active    idle   2/lxd/2  10.246.114.51   6641/tcp,6642/tcp   Unit is ready (northd: active)
rabbitmq-server/0*             active    idle   2/lxd/3  10.246.114.26   5672/tcp,15672/tcp  Unit is ready
vault/0*                       active    idle   3/lxd/0  10.246.114.28   8200/tcp            Unit is ready (active: true, mlock: disabled)
  vault-mysql-router/0*        active    idle            10.246.114.28                       Unit is ready

Nova cloud controller

The nova-cloud-controller application, which includes nova-scheduler, nova-api, and nova-conductor services, will be containerised on machine 3 with the nova-cloud-controller charm. File ncc.yaml contains the configuration:

nova-cloud-controller:
  network-manager: Neutron

To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:3 --channel zed/stable --config ncc.yaml nova-cloud-controller

Join nova-cloud-controller to the cloud database:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router ncc-mysql-router
juju add-relation ncc-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation ncc-mysql-router:shared-db nova-cloud-controller:shared-db

Note

To keep juju status output compact the expected nova-cloud-controller-mysql-router application name has been shortened to ncc-mysql-router.

Five additional relations can be added at this time:

juju add-relation nova-cloud-controller:identity-service keystone:identity-service
juju add-relation nova-cloud-controller:amqp rabbitmq-server:amqp
juju add-relation nova-cloud-controller:neutron-api neutron-api:neutron-api
juju add-relation nova-cloud-controller:cloud-compute nova-compute:cloud-compute
juju add-relation nova-cloud-controller:certificates vault:certificates

Placement

The placement application will be containerised on machine 3 with the placement charm. To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:3 --channel zed/stable placement

Join placement to the cloud database:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router placement-mysql-router
juju add-relation placement-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation placement-mysql-router:shared-db placement:shared-db

Three additional relations can be added at this time:

juju add-relation placement:identity-service keystone:identity-service
juju add-relation placement:placement nova-cloud-controller:placement
juju add-relation placement:certificates vault:certificates

OpenStack dashboard

The openstack-dashboard application (Horizon) will be containerised on machine 2 with the openstack-dashboard charm. To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:2 --channel zed/stable openstack-dashboard

Join openstack-dashboard to the cloud database:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router dashboard-mysql-router
juju add-relation dashboard-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation dashboard-mysql-router:shared-db openstack-dashboard:shared-db

Note

To keep juju status output compact the expected openstack-dashboard-mysql-router application name has been shortened to dashboard-mysql-router.

Two additional relations are required:

juju add-relation openstack-dashboard:identity-service keystone:identity-service
juju add-relation openstack-dashboard:certificates vault:certificates

Glance

The glance application will be containerised on machine 3 with the glance charm. To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:3 --channel zed/stable glance

Join glance to the cloud database:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router glance-mysql-router
juju add-relation glance-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation glance-mysql-router:shared-db glance:shared-db

Four additional relations can be added at this time:

juju add-relation glance:image-service nova-cloud-controller:image-service
juju add-relation glance:image-service nova-compute:image-service
juju add-relation glance:identity-service keystone:identity-service
juju add-relation glance:certificates vault:certificates

At this time the Unit section output to command juju status should look similar to this:

Unit                           Workload  Agent  Machine  Public address  Ports               Message
ceph-osd/0                     blocked   idle   0        10.246.114.17                       Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/1*                    blocked   idle   1        10.246.114.7                        Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/2                     blocked   idle   2        10.246.114.11                       Missing relation: monitor
ceph-osd/3                     blocked   idle   3        10.246.114.31                       Missing relation: monitor
glance/0*                      active    idle   3/lxd/3  10.246.114.19   9292/tcp            Unit is ready
  glance-mysql-router/0*       active    idle            10.246.114.19                       Unit is ready
keystone/0*                    active    idle   0/lxd/3  10.246.114.25   5000/tcp            Unit is ready
  keystone-mysql-router/0*     active    idle            10.246.114.25                       Unit is ready
mysql-innodb-cluster/3*        active    idle   0/lxd/1  10.246.114.12                       Unit is ready: Mode: R/O, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to
ONE failure.
mysql-innodb-cluster/4         active    idle   1/lxd/1  10.246.114.15                       Unit is ready: Mode: R/W, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to
ONE failure.
mysql-innodb-cluster/5         active    idle   2/lxd/1  10.246.114.14                       Unit is ready: Mode: R/O, Cluster is ONLINE and can tolerate up to
ONE failure.
neutron-api/0*                 active    idle   1/lxd/3  10.246.114.24   9696/tcp            Unit is ready
  neutron-api-mysql-router/0*  active    idle            10.246.114.24                       Unit is ready
  neutron-api-plugin-ovn/0*    active    idle            10.246.114.24                       Unit is ready
nova-cloud-controller/0*       active    idle   3/lxd/1  10.246.114.37   8774/tcp,8775/tcp   Unit is ready
  ncc-mysql-router/0*          active    idle            10.246.114.37                       Unit is ready
nova-compute/0*                active    idle   1        10.246.114.7                        Unit is ready
  ovn-chassis/0*               active    idle            10.246.114.7                        Unit is ready
nova-compute/1                 active    idle   2        10.246.114.11                       Unit is ready
  ovn-chassis/1                active    idle            10.246.114.11                       Unit is ready
nova-compute/2                 active    idle   3        10.246.114.31                       Unit is ready
  ovn-chassis/2                active    idle            10.246.114.31                       Unit is ready
openstack-dashboard/0*         active    idle   2/lxd/4  10.246.114.39   80/tcp,443/tcp      Unit is ready
  dashboard-mysql-router/0*    active    idle            10.246.114.39                       Unit is ready
ovn-central/0*                 active    idle   0/lxd/2  10.246.114.29   6641/tcp,6642/tcp   Unit is ready (leader: ovnnb_db, ovnsb_db)
ovn-central/1                  active    idle   1/lxd/2  10.246.114.52   6641/tcp,6642/tcp   Unit is ready
ovn-central/2                  active    idle   2/lxd/2  10.246.114.51   6641/tcp,6642/tcp   Unit is ready (northd: active)
placement/0*                   active    idle   3/lxd/2  10.246.114.38   8778/tcp            Unit is ready
  placement-mysql-router/0*    active    idle            10.246.114.38                       Unit is ready
rabbitmq-server/0*             active    idle   2/lxd/3  10.246.114.26   5672/tcp,15672/tcp  Unit is ready
vault/0*                       active    idle   3/lxd/0  10.246.114.28   8200/tcp            Unit is ready (active: true, mlock: disabled)
  vault-mysql-router/0*        active    idle            10.246.114.28                       Unit is ready

Ceph monitor

The ceph-mon application will be containerised on machines 0, 1, and 2 with the ceph-mon charm. File ceph-mon.yaml contains the configuration:

ceph-mon:
  expected-osd-count: 4
  monitor-count: 3

The above informs the MON cluster that it is comprised of three nodes and that it should expect at least four OSDs (disks).

To deploy:

juju deploy -n 3 --to lxd:0,lxd:1,lxd:2 --channel quincy/stable --config ceph-mon.yaml ceph-mon

Three relations can be added at this time:

juju add-relation ceph-mon:osd ceph-osd:mon
juju add-relation ceph-mon:client nova-compute:ceph
juju add-relation ceph-mon:client glance:ceph

For the above relations,

  • The nova-compute:ceph relation makes Ceph the storage backend for Nova non-bootable disk images. The nova-compute charm option libvirt-image-backend must be set to ‘rbd’ for this to take effect.

  • The glance:ceph relation makes Ceph the storage backend for Glance.

Cinder

The cinder application will be containerised on machine 1 with the cinder charm. File cinder.yaml contains the configuration:

cinder:
  block-device: None
  glance-api-version: 2

To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:1 --channel zed/stable --config cinder.yaml cinder

Join cinder to the cloud database:

juju deploy --channel 8.0/stable mysql-router cinder-mysql-router
juju add-relation cinder-mysql-router:db-router mysql-innodb-cluster:db-router
juju add-relation cinder-mysql-router:shared-db cinder:shared-db

Five additional relations can be added at this time:

juju add-relation cinder:cinder-volume-service nova-cloud-controller:cinder-volume-service
juju add-relation cinder:identity-service keystone:identity-service
juju add-relation cinder:amqp rabbitmq-server:amqp
juju add-relation cinder:image-service glance:image-service
juju add-relation cinder:certificates vault:certificates

The above glance:image-service relation will enable Cinder to consume the Glance API (e.g. making Cinder able to perform volume snapshots of Glance images).

Like Glance, Cinder will use Ceph as its storage backend (hence block-device: None in the configuration file). This will be implemented via the cinder-ceph subordinate charm:

juju deploy --channel zed/stable cinder-ceph

Three relations need to be added:

juju add-relation cinder-ceph:storage-backend cinder:storage-backend
juju add-relation cinder-ceph:ceph ceph-mon:client
juju add-relation cinder-ceph:ceph-access nova-compute:ceph-access

Ceph RADOS Gateway

The Ceph RADOS Gateway will be deployed to offer an S3 and Swift compatible HTTP gateway. This is an alternative to using OpenStack Swift.

The ceph-radosgw application will be containerised on machine 0 with the ceph-radosgw charm. To deploy:

juju deploy --to lxd:0 --channel quincy/stable ceph-radosgw

A single relation is needed:

juju add-relation ceph-radosgw:mon ceph-mon:radosgw

Final results and dashboard access

Once all the applications have been deployed and the relations between them have been added we need to wait for the output of juju status to settle. The final results should be devoid of any error-like messages. Example output (including relations) for a successful cloud deployment is given here.

One milestone in the deployment of OpenStack is the first login to the Horizon dashboard. You will need its IP address and the admin password.

Obtain the address in this way:

juju status --format=yaml openstack-dashboard | grep public-address | awk '{print $2}' | head -1

In this example, the address is ‘10.246.114.39’.

The password can be queried from Keystone:

juju run --unit keystone/leader leader-get admin_passwd

The dashboard URL then becomes:

http://10.246.114.39/horizon

The final credentials needed to log in are:

User Name: admin
Password: ****************
Domain: admin_domain

Once logged in you should see something like this:

Horizon dashboard

VM consoles

Enable a remote access protocol such as novnc (or spice) if you want to connect to VM consoles from within the dashboard:

juju config nova-cloud-controller console-access-protocol=novnc

Next steps

You have successfully deployed OpenStack using Juju and MAAS. The next step is to render the cloud functional for users. This will involve setting up networks, images, and a user environment. Go to Configure OpenStack now.