从一镜像启动一实例¶

按照下面的步骤从镜像中启动一个云主机。

1. 在您收集完所需的参数后，运行以下命令启动一个云主机。指定服务器名称、规格标识编码和镜像标识编码。

   $ openstack server create --flavor FLAVOR_ID --image IMAGE_ID --key-name KEY_NAME \
     --user-data USER_DATA_FILE --security-group SEC_GROUP_NAME --property KEY=VALUE \
     INSTANCE_NAME
   

   可选地，您可以为访问控制提供一个关键字，为安全指定安全组。您也可以包括元数据关键字和值对。比如，提供参数``–property description=”My Server”``，为您的服务器添加一个描述。

   当虚拟机启动时，通过``–user-data USER-DATA-FILE``参数用本地文件为虚拟机传递用户数据。

   重要

   If you boot an instance with an INSTANCE_NAME greater than 63 characters, Compute truncates it automatically when turning it into a host name to ensure the correct work of dnsmasq. The corresponding warning is written into the neutron-dnsmasq.log file.

   下面的命令启动了一个名称为``MyCirrosServer``的实例。其规格为``m1.small`` (ID 为 1), 镜像为 cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-uec (ID 为 397e713c-b95b-4186-ad46-6126863ea0a9), 安全组为``default``, 密钥对名称为``KeyPair01``, 以及名称为``cloudinit.file``的用户数据文件：

   $ openstack server create --flavor 1 --image 397e713c-b95b-4186-ad46-6126863ea0a9 \
     --security-group default --key-name KeyPair01 --user-data cloudinit.file \
     myCirrosServer
   

   根据传递的参数，命令返回一个云主机属性列表。

   +--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | Field                                | Value                                         |
   +--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   | OS-DCF:diskConfig                    | MANUAL                                        |
   | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone          |                                               |
   | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host                 | None                                          |
   | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname  | None                                          |
   | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name        |                                               |
   | OS-EXT-STS:power_state               | NOSTATE                                       |
   | OS-EXT-STS:task_state                | scheduling                                    |
   | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state                  | building                                      |
   | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at               | None                                          |
   | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at             | None                                          |
   | accessIPv4                           |                                               |
   | accessIPv6                           |                                               |
   | addresses                            |                                               |
   | adminPass                            | E4Ksozt4Efi8                                  |
   | config_drive                         |                                               |
   | created                              | 2016-11-30T14:48:05Z                          |
   | flavor                               | m1.tiny                                       |
   | hostId                               |                                               |
   | id                                   | 89015cc9-bdf1-458a-8518-fdca2b4a5785          |
   | image                                | cirros (397e713c-b95b-4186-ad46-6126863ea0a9) |
   | key_name                             | KeyPair01                                     |
   | name                                 | myCirrosServer                                |
   | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | []                                            |
   | progress                             | 0                                             |
   | project_id                           | 5669caad86a04256994cdf755df4d3c1              |
   | properties                           |                                               |
   | security_groups                      | [{u'name': u'default'}]                       |
   | status                               | BUILD                                         |
   | updated                              | 2016-11-30T14:48:05Z                          |
   | user_id                              | c36cec73b0e44876a4478b1e6cd749bb              |
   | metadata                             | {u'KEY': u'VALUE'}                            |
   +--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+
   

   ``BUILD``状态表示实例已启动但未联机。

   “ACTIVE”状态表明实例是活动状态。

2. 从输出中拷贝``id``作为云主机的ID. 使用该ID获取云主机详细信息或删除云主机。

3. 拷贝``adminPass``的值作为管理员密码。用改密码登陆云主机。

   注解

   You can also place arbitrary local files into the instance file system at creation time by using the --file <dst-path=src-path> option. You can store up to five files. For example, if you have a special authorized keys file named special_authorized_keysfile that you want to put on the instance rather than using the regular SSH key injection, you can use the --file option as shown in the following example.

   $ openstack server create --image ubuntu-cloudimage --flavor 1 vm-name \
     --file /root/.ssh/authorized_keys=special_authorized_keysfile
   

4. 核实实例是否为联机的

   $ openstack server list
   

   列表显示了项目中您所属的所有实例的标识、名称、状态和私有（如果分配为公有的）IP地址：

   +-------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------+
   | ID          | Name                 | Status | Task State | Power State | Networks         | Image Name |
   +-------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------+
   | 84c6e57d... | myCirrosServer       | ACTIVE | None       | Running     | private=10.0.0.3 | cirros     |
   | 8a99547e... | myInstanceFromVolume | ACTIVE | None       | Running     | private=10.0.0.4 | centos     |
   +-------------+----------------------+--------+------------+-------------+------------------+------------+
   

   如果实例状态为ACTIVE，则实例为联机状态。

5. 运行以下命令查看命令:command:`openstack server list`的可用选项：

   $ openstack help server list
   

   注解

   如果你没有提供一个密钥对，安全组，或规则，你只能从内部云通过VNC访问实例。甚至ping实例也是不可能的。