从硬盘启动实例¶
可以从硬盘而不是从镜像启动一个实例。
To complete these tasks, use these parameters on the openstack server create command:
| 任务 | openstack server create parameter | 基本信息 |
|---|---|---|
| 从镜像启动实例并连接一个非启动盘。 | --block-device-mapping |
从镜像启动实例并连接非启动卷 |
| 从镜像创建一个硬盘并从该硬盘启动实例。 | --volume |
从镜像创建硬盘并启动实例 |
| Boot from an existing source volume or snapshot. | --volume |
从镜像创建硬盘并启动实例 |
注解
将卷连接到正在运行的实例上，参考`Attach_a_volume_to_an_instance`.
从镜像启动实例并连接非启动卷¶
创建一个非启动硬盘并连接到从镜像启动的实例。
创建一个非启动盘，不要从镜像创建。该硬盘要求完全空白，不能包含分区表和文件系统。
创建一个非启动盘
$ openstack volume create --size 8 my-volume +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+ | attachments | [] | | availability_zone | nova | | bootable | false | | consistencygroup_id | None | | created_at | 2017-06-10T13:45:19.588269 | | description | None | | encrypted | False | | id | e77b30a9-2c1b-4f3a-b161-e09685296a83 | | migration_status | None | | multiattach | False | | name | my-volume | | properties | | | replication_status | disabled | | size | 8 | | snapshot_id | None | | source_volid | None | | status | creating | | type | lvmdriver-1 | | updated_at | None | | user_id | 07a3f50419714d90b55edb6505b7cc1d | +---------------------+--------------------------------------+
列出硬盘。
$ openstack volume list +--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+------+-------------+ | ID | Display Name | Status | Size | Attached to | +--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+------+-------------+ | e77b30a9-2c1b-4f3a-b161-e09685296a83 | my-volume | available | 8 | | +--------------------------------------+--------------+-----------+------+-------------+
Boot an instance from an image and attach the empty volume to the instance, use the
--block-device-mappingparameter.例如：
$ openstack server create --flavor FLAVOR --image IMAGE \ --block-device-mapping DEV-NAME=ID:TYPE:SIZE:DELETE_ON_TERMINATE \ NAME
参数：
--flavorThe flavor ID or name.--imageThe image ID or name.--block-device-mappingDEV-NAME=ID:TYPE:SIZE:DELETE_ON_TERMINATE- DEV-NAME
The device name to attch the volume when the instance is booted.
- ID
源对象的ID.
- TYPE
Which type object to create the volume.
volumechooses volume to create.snapshotchooses snapshot to create.- SIZE
The size(GB) of the volume that is created.
- DELETE_ON_TERMINATE
What to do with the volume when the instance is terminated.
falsedoes not delete the volume.truedeletes the volume.
NAME. 云主机名称。
$ openstack server create --flavor 2 --image c76cf108-1760-45aa-8559-28176f2c0530 \ --block-device-mapping \ myVolumeAttach=e77b30a9-2c1b-4f3a-b161-e09685296a83:volume:8:false \ myInstanceWithVolume +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000004 | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | UAwJJ7FZWxmA | | config_drive | | | created | 2017-06-10T13:50:47Z | | flavor | m1.small (2) | | hostId | | | id | 555cf3e2-9ba3-46bf-9aa5-0a0c73d5b538 | | image | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec (c76cf108-1760-... | | key_name | None | | name | InstanceWithVolume | | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [{u'id': u'e77b30a9-2c1b-4f3a-b161-e096... | | progress | 0 | | project_id | ff903e4825c74f8dbc1aea6432e4f2fd | | properties | | | security_groups | [{u'name': u'default'}] | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2017-06-10T13:50:48Z | | user_id | 07a3f50419714d90b55edb6505b7cc1d | +--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+
从镜像创建硬盘并启动实例¶
可以使用已有的镜像、硬盘或快照创建硬盘。该过程展示了如何从一个镜像创建硬盘并从该硬盘启动实例。
列出可用镜像。
$ openstack image list +-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | +-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+ | dfcd8407-486... | Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda | active | | c76cf108-176... | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec | active | | 02d6b27f-40b... | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-kernel | active | | 47b90a42-8f4... | cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-uec-ramdisk | active | +-----------------+---------------------------------+--------+
记录用以创建硬盘的镜像的ID.
如果需要将硬盘创建到一个具体的存储后端，需要使用包含*cinder_img_volume_type* 属性的镜像。在该例中，新创建的硬盘为*storage_backend1* 类型。
$ openstack image show dfcd8407-4865-4d82-93f3-7fef323a5951 +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+ | checksum | eb9139e4942121f22bbc2afc0400b2a4 | | container_format | bare | | created_at | 2017-06-10T06:46:26Z | | disk_format | qcow2 | | file | /v2/images/dfcd8407-4865-4d82-93f3-7fef323a5951/file | | id | dfcd8407-4865-4d82-93f3-7fef323a5951 | | min_disk | 0 | | min_ram | 0 | | name | Fedora-x86_64-20-20131211.1-sda | | owner | 5ed8a204e27d462a8709bc8ec491e873 | | protected | False | | schema | /v2/schemas/image | | size | 25165824 | | status | active | | tags | | | updated_at | 2017-06-10T13:36:55Z | | virtual_size | None | | visibility | public | +------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
列出可用云主机类型。
$ openstack flavor list +-----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | ID | Name | RAM | Disk | Ephemeral | VCPUs | Is_Public | +-----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+ | 1 | m1.tiny | 512 | 1 | 0 | 1 | True | | 2 | m1.small | 2048 | 20 | 0 | 1 | True | | 3 | m1.medium | 4096 | 40 | 0 | 2 | True | | 4 | m1.large | 8192 | 80 | 0 | 4 | True | | 5 | m1.xlarge | 16384 | 160 | 0 | 8 | True | +-----+-----------+-------+------+-----------+-------+-----------+
记录用以创建硬盘的类型ID.
从镜像创建可启动卷。传入``–image``参数可将一个卷设置为可启动。
$ openstack volume create --image IMAGE_ID --size SIZE_IN_GB bootable_volumeCreate a VM from previously created bootable volume, use the
--volumeparameter. The volume is not deleted when the instance is terminated.$ openstack server create --flavor 2 --volume VOLUME_ID \ myInstanceFromVolume +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | Field | Value | +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------+ | OS-DCF:diskConfig | MANUAL | | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone | | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname | None | | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name | instance-00000005 | | OS-EXT-STS:power_state | NOSTATE | | OS-EXT-STS:task_state | scheduling | | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state | building | | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at | None | | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at | None | | accessIPv4 | | | accessIPv6 | | | addresses | | | adminPass | dizZcBMnWH8i | | config_drive | | | created | 2017-06-10T14:15:10Z | | flavor | m1.small (2) | | hostId | | | id | 7074c21a-22b3-4e91-9ea1-6a22c... | | image | | | key_name | None | | name | myInstanceFromVolume | | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | [{u'id': u'3da01e5a-7d81-4a34... | | progress | 0 | | project_id | ff903e4825c74f8dbc1aea6432e4f2fd | | properties | | | security_groups | [{u'name': u'default'}] | | status | BUILD | | updated | 2017-06-10T14:15:11Z | | user_id | 07a3f50419714d90b55edb6505b7cc1d | +--------------------------------------+----------------------------------+
列出硬盘以查看启动盘以及它连接的``myInstanceFromVolume``实例。
$ openstack volume list +---------------------+-----------------+--------+------+---------------------------------+ | ID | Display Name | Status | Size | Attached to | +---------------------+-----------------+--------+------+---------------------------------+ | 3da01e5a-7d81-4a34- | bootable_volume | in-use | 2 | Attached to myInstanceFromVolume| | a182-1958d10f7758 | | | | on /dev/vda | +---------------------+-----------------+--------+------+---------------------------------+
连接临时或交换磁盘到实例。¶
To attach swap or ephemeral disk to an instance, you need create new flavor first. This procedure shows you how to boot an instance with a 512 MB swap disk and 2 GB ephemeral disk.
Create a new flavor.
$ openstack flavor create --vcpus 1 --ram 64 --disk 1 \ --swap 512 --ephemeral 2 my_flavor
注解
云主机类型定义了最大交换空间以及临时磁盘大小。不可超过此限制。
Create a server with 512 MB swap disk and 2 GB ephemeral disk.
$ openstack server create --image IMAGE_ID --flavor \ my_flavor NAME
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