Example: CentOS Stream image¶
This example shows you how to install a CentOS Stream image and focuses mainly on CentOS Stream 9. Because the CentOS installation process might differ across versions, the installation steps might differ if you use a different version of CentOS.
注釈
This is just an example, adjust paths and commands according to your environment
CentOS インストール ISO のダウンロード¶
Navigate to the CentOS mirrors page.
Choose one of the mirrors and navigate to
9-stream/BaseOS/x86_64/iso
. Download a ISO, chooseboot
to download packages during install, otherwise choosedvd
インストールプロセスの開始¶
Start the installation process using either the virt-manager or the virt-install command as described in the Tools: libvirt and virsh/virt-manager page.
virt-install¶
If you use the virt-install command, do not forget to connect your VNC client to the virtual machine.
The command should look something like this:
$ sudo virt-install --virt-type kvm --name my-centos --ram 2048 \
--network network=default \
--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \
--os-type=linux --os-variant=centos-stream9 \
--location=~/Downloads/CentOS-Stream-9-20240819.0-x86_64-dvd1.iso
virt-manager¶
注釈
See here for libvirt wiki about new VM creation in virt-manager
When creating a new VM from the downloaded ISO, virt-manager should automatically detect the OS. If it fails, manually select CentOS Stream as OS. Default settings should be fine.
インストールのステップ実行¶
注釈
This guide focuses on the steps specific to create a OpenStack image, for a general overview of installation process see CentOS Documentation
In Installation Summary
follow the instructions below.
DHCP and hostname¶
In Network & Host Name
ensure that Ethernet
is on and in
Configure.../IPv4 Settings
the Method
is set to Automatic (DHCP)
.
The same page allows for host name selection - leave it to default as the
cloud-init
package will be installed later.
インストールオプションの指定¶
In Software Selection
choose what to install, the default is Server with
GUI
, the smallest choice is Minimal Install
.
Create a working user¶
Configure a root password in Root Password
, as this will be needed later to
finalize the installation. By default it will be then blocked by cloud-init. It
is also possible to create an adiministrator user, as it will be later deleted
by virt-sysprep.
CD-ROM の取り出しと再起動¶
virt-install
virsh コマンドを使用して、ディスクを取り出すために、CD-ROM が前に接続されていた場所と同じ場所に、libvirt が空のディスクを接続する必要があります。この場所は、 hda
でしょう。 virsh dumpxml vm-image コマンドを使用して、適切な接続先を確認できます。
$ sudo virsh dumpxml my-centos
<domain type='kvm' id='19'>
<name>centos</name>
...
<disk type='block' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
<readonly/>
<address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>
</disk>
...
</domain>
Run the following commands from the host to eject the disk
and reboot using virsh
, as root.
$ sudo virsh attach-disk --type cdrom --mode readonly my-centos "" hda
$ sudo virsh reboot my-centos
virt-manager
If you are using virt-manager
, the commands above will work, but you can
also use the GUI to detach and reboot.
Finalize installation¶
ACPI サービスのインストール¶
ハイパーバイザーがインスタンスを再起動やシャットダウンできるようにするために、ゲストシステムに acpid
サービスをインストールし実行しておく必要があります。
Log in to the CentOS guest and run the following commands to install the ACPI service and configure it to start when the system boots:
# dnf install acpid
# systemctl enable acpid
メタデータ取得の設定¶
注釈
Check cloud-init documentation for more information
An instance must interact with the metadata service to perform
several tasks on start up. For example, the instance must get
the ssh public key and run the user data script. To ensure that
the instance performs these tasks, install the cloud-init
utility.
The cloud-init
package automatically fetches the public key
from the metadata server and places the key in an account.
Install cloud-init
inside the CentOS guest by
running:
# dnf install cloud-init
The account varies by distribution. On CentOS Stream virtual machines,
the account is called cloud-user
.
You can change the name of the account used by cloud-init
by editing the /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
file and adding a line
with a different user. For example, to configure cloud-init
to put the key in an account named admin
, use the following
syntax in the configuration file:
users:
- name: admin
(...)
Cloud-init alternatives¶
警告
This method is not recommended as only gets the ssh public key from the metadata server. It does not get user data, which is optional data that can be passed by the user when requesting a new instance. User data is often used to run a custom script when an instance boots.
cloud-init
パッケージをインストールできない場合、SSH 公開鍵を取得し、それを root アカウントに追加するために、 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
ファイルを編集し、 touch /var/lock/subsys/local
行の前に以下の行を追加します。
if [ ! -d /root/.ssh ]; then
mkdir -p /root/.ssh
chmod 700 /root/.ssh
fi
# Fetch public key using HTTP
ATTEMPTS=30
FAILED=0
while [ ! -f /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ]; do
curl -f http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/public-keys/0/openssh-key \
> /tmp/metadata-key 2>/dev/null
if [ \$? -eq 0 ]; then
cat /tmp/metadata-key >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
restorecon /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
rm -f /tmp/metadata-key
echo "Successfully retrieved public key from instance metadata"
echo "*****************"
echo "AUTHORIZED KEYS"
echo "*****************"
cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
echo "*****************"
fi
done
注釈
いくつかの VNC クライアントは、コロン (:
) を セミコロン (;
) に、アンダースコア (_
) をハイフン (-
) に置き換えます。http;
ではなく、http:
であること、authorized-keys
ではなく authorized_keys
であることを確認してください。
注釈
With this method, previous CentOS versions needed to disable the zeroconf route, this is not needed as of EL8.
Allow partitions to resize¶
In order for the root partition to properly resize, install the
cloud-utils-growpart
package, which contains the proper tools
to allow the disk to resize using cloud-init.
# dnf install cloud-utils-growpart
コンソールの設定¶
警告
Actually this does not work even following https://access.redhat.com/solutions/3443551
For the openstack console log command to work properly, instance must be configured to sent output to a serial console.
Edit the
/etc/default/grub
file and appendconsole=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8
toGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX
.For example:
... GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="resume=/dev/mapper/cs-swap rd.lvm.lv=cs/root rd.lvm.lv=cs/swap console=tty0 console=ttyS0,115200n8"
Then regenerate GRUB configuration:
# grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg --update-bls-cmdline
Customize¶
If you are building an image manually, you are probably interested in customizing it, now it's time to apply your edits.
インスタンスのシャットダウン¶
Shutdown the VM:
# shutdown now
Clean up¶
The image needs to be cleaned up of details such as the MAC address - the tool used is virt-sysprep, part of libguestfs
sudo virt-sysprep -d my-centos
Resize the image¶
Resize and compress the image to remove unused space (the image will then use available space after initialization) using virt-sparsify, part of libguestfs
sudo virt-sparsify --compress /var/lib/libvirt/images/my-centos.qcow2 ~/upload.qcow2
イメージの完成¶
The resized image is now ready to be uploaded using openstack image create. For more information, see the python-openstackclient command list.
libvirt ドメインの定義削除¶
Now that you can upload the image to the Image service, you no longer need to have this virtual machine image managed by libvirt.
$ sudo virsh undefine my-centos
Or if you used virt-manager, delete it through the GUI.